Order lorazepam, *Bridging S&TS and Communication Studies: Scholarship on Media and Information Technologies*
Pablo Boczskowski and Leah Lievrouw
Context: Chapter for New STS Handbook
Goal: To reflect on scholarship at intersection of fields; map the territory
* Three patterns of shared interests, each typically based on a binary "duality":
** causality - determination and contingency
*** Often viewed as opposition b/w technological and social determinisms
*** recent trend toward "mutual shaping" of technical and social elements
** process - production and consumption
*** orientations deeply enmeshed in trends in Communication
*** movement toward embedding consumption in production, or vice versa
** consequences - continuous or discontinuous
*** discontinuity: focus on technical features, major transformations (still dominant mode in popular culture)
*** continuity: focus on larger contexts of history, power, practice, etc.
*** recent work looks at discontinuities in the context of larger continuous context
Two trends:
* MIT (media and information technologies) no longer 'belong' to particular fields or specializations in an obvious way
* lots of people interested in this across lots of disciplines
Problems:
* lack of common vocabulary, where to buy lorazepam, Texas TX Tex. , analytic tools
*Performative Whack-a-mole (or what happened when the freaks, geeks and queers colonized Friendster)*
danah boyd
Friendster originally started as FOAF dating site
Who joined, California CA Calif. . South Carolina SC S.C. , * Started by silicon valley types, passed by word of mouth to geeks and then (via0 bloggers
* ex-girlfriend of founder went to Burning Man, köpa rabatterade lorazepam, Ordering lorazepam online without prescription, meme spread through crowd super-fast
* Large gay male population adopted quickly
Each group thought it was a tool *primarily for them*
Mechanics
* Profile mimicry (you tended to be invited by other users) led to homogenization of profiles
* What your friends' profiles say is as important as what you yourself say to your constructed identity
** Example: a friend of danah's put up a profile featuring a photo of an older, balding white man; other users start e-mailing her asking for her Suicide Girl profile, Alaska AK , Kentucky KY Ky. , assuming that she's also doing porn (younger woman with old white maile friends = porn star)
Activities
* Ego surfing
* People lookup
* Social maintenance
* Play and games
** Drug distribution
** Sale of popular profiles on eBay
Flattening of social networks
* Example of high school teacher whose students had found her profile, and formed assumptions of drug use and friendships with pedophiles based on her friends' profiles
Fakesters
* Famous people
* Universities and other institutions (use of system to extend functionality beyond original intent)
* Play and competition: goal to get as many friends as possible (US v, pharmacie lorazepam bon marché. Ordering lorazepam without prescription, UK, for example, αγοράζουν φτηνά lorazepam, Kjøpe lorazepam online, represended by Burning Man vs. Ali G)
* Profiles killed for presumption of being fakesters (in some cases actually real people)
* Fakester revolution
** Manifesto
** rl protests
** "Whack-a-mole" - Friendster kills one profile, billig lorazepam apotek, Acheter lorazepam discount, users create many more
* Fakester actions predicated on notion that "none of this is real" - since all online identity is constructed, why couldn't they stretch theirs more
Ultimately, buy lorazepam online, Comprar lorazepam baratos, passion faded, fakesters left, billige lorazepam apotek, Kaufen lorazepam, with MySpace and Facebook dominating.
Methods question: "How do you know this?"
* was an early adopter herself
* kept a blog of what was going on
* Friendster users began e-mailing her
*Internet Stories; WOM and Internet Use in Accra, αγοράσετε lorazepam, Order lorazepam, Ghana*
Ken Anderson
Intro to Ghana
Stories of Youth and iCafes in Accra
Internet Cafes
* Primary way of accessing internet
* ~ 60 cents/hour
* 185,000 users in Accra
* One of only places of privacy (no private rest rooms, kopen goedkope lorazepam, Florida FL Fla. , bedrooms, etc.)
* Escape from elders/control
What they do (did)
* *Build social capital*: Lots of chatting, Tennessee TN Tenn. , New Mexico NM N.Mex. , development of friends (sometimes romantic, sometimes not)
* Why, acquistare a buon mercato lorazepam.
** look for advice, maybe philanthropists (rarely successful)
* *Build economic capital*: Scams and fraud
** credit card fraud
** misrepresentation (more common)
** scamming doesn't come from laziness, but rather a perceived lack of legitimate opportunities
** scamming in fact requires quite a bit of work and coordination
Malam
* essentially a "fetish priest" for help with getting fraud money from the Internet
* consults the Koran as a sort of "recipe book"
Stories and rumors
* stories make the internet their own, more local
** stories about Bill Gates being a dropout, then rising to the top
*** resonated with local experience
** 20K chat partner, who posed as a woman, got someone to pay for a school course, cashed out tuition and bought a business
*** life can be transformed by internet
* internet as way to make contact with foreigners
** lots of talk about CIA
Ambiguous stories of locals
* Scams Bad
** "Damn Nigerians!!"
* moral righteousness
* sense of rebalancing social inequality
*Doug Thomas, discussant*
what does it mean to shift from material culture to information culture when discussing production/consumption.
why do we keep repeating narratives that are patently untrue. ("Lothar, lothar, stop writing on the walls!")
battle over friendster "fakesters" is a battle over the commercialization of identity on the net
(hmm, interesting thought: what's the relationship between dating and porn as activities that are early uses of communication technologies?)
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